🛡️ Reliability Engineering

LLM Proxy Error Handling Best Practices

Build resilient AI applications with comprehensive error handling strategies. Learn retry mechanisms, fallback providers, circuit breakers, and graceful degradation patterns for production-ready LLM integrations.

🔌

Network Errors

Connection & timeout

🔑

Auth Errors

API key & permissions

Rate Limits

Quota exceeded

📦

Model Errors

Invalid requests

Error Recovery Strategies

Multi-layer approach to handling failures

1

Detect & Classify

Identify error type and determine if it's retryable, requires fallback, or should fail fast.

2

Retry with Backoff

For transient errors, retry with exponential backoff to avoid overwhelming the provider.

3

Fallback Provider

Route to alternative provider when primary fails, maintaining service availability.

4

Circuit Breaker

Open circuit after repeated failures to prevent cascading issues and allow recovery.

5

Graceful Degradation

Return cached responses or simplified results when all providers are unavailable.

Implementation Patterns

Proven error handling techniques

🔄
Exponential Backoff

Implement intelligent retry delays that increase exponentially to avoid rate limit escalation.

Retry Configuration
retry:
  max_attempts: 3
  initial_delay: 1s
  max_delay: 30s
  multiplier: 2.0
  jitter: true  # Randomize to avoid thundering herd
🔀
Fallback Routing

Configure backup providers to automatically handle failures from the primary provider.

Fallback Chain
providers:
  primary: openai
  fallbacks:
    - anthropic
    - google
  on_error: next_provider
  timeout: 30s
Circuit Breaker

Stop sending requests to failing providers to allow recovery and prevent resource exhaustion.

Circuit Breaker
circuit_breaker:
  failure_threshold: 5
  reset_timeout: 60s
  half_open_requests: 1
  success_threshold: 2
💾
Graceful Degradation

Return cached or simplified responses when all providers fail, maintaining partial functionality.

Degradation
degradation:
  enabled: true
  cache_fallback: true
  default_response: "Service temporarily unavailable"
  preserve_headers: true
⚠️

Critical Consideration

Never retry on authentication errors or invalid request errors. These require immediate attention and will not succeed on retry. Log these errors and alert your team.

Build Resilient AI Applications

Implement comprehensive error handling to ensure your AI-powered applications remain reliable and responsive even when providers fail.